Crispy Fragrant Duck

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Alternative names Xiang Su Ya; Xiangsu Ya; Crispy Aromatic Duck; Fragrant Crispy Duck; 香酥鸭; 香酥鴨
Pinyin Xiāng sū yā
Type Whole duck seasoned, steamed until tender, then deep-fried
Course Banquet or family main
Place of origin China
Region or state Sichuan, Jiangsu, Hunan, Beijing and other regional kitchens; Guizhou heritage styles; British-Chinese "crispy aromatic duck" as a diaspora relative
Other Steam-then-fry duck — not roasted Peking Duck, not smoked Tea-Smoked Duck

Crispy Fragrant Duck (Simplified Chinese: 香酥鸭; Traditional Chinese: 香酥鴨; Pinyin: Xiāng sū yā; also xiang su ya) is a Chinese duck dish whose defining technique is steam, then fry: a whole duck is rubbed with salt, Sichuan pepper, five-spice and rice wine, steamed until the meat is almost falling from the bone, drained and dried, and finally deep-fried until the skin turns golden and shatteringly crisp. The name stresses the two qualities cooks aim for—xiang (fragrant) and su (crisp-tender). Chinese reference works list versions in Sichuan, Jiangsu, Hunan and Beijing cooking, and a Guizhou family style is recognized as provincial intangible heritage. A frequently retold anecdote says the duck was served to Charlie Chaplin during the 1954 Geneva Conference; treat it as a popular story rather than documented culinary history. It is not Peking Duck (roasted, carved and wrapped), not Tea-Smoked Duck (smoked over tea and camphor), and not Cantonese Roast Duck.[1][2]

Characteristics

Deep golden to reddish-brown skin that crackles; soft, shreddable flesh; aroma of peppercorn and warm spice; eaten with scallion, sweet bean sauce or pepper-salt, sometimes tucked into small buns or pancakes.

Ingredients (overview)

Whole duck; salt, Sichuan pepper, five-spice or star anise and cassia, ginger, scallion, rice wine; frying oil; pepper-salt, sweet bean sauce and scallion for the table. Overview only—no recipe steps.

History and culture

Regarded as a Sichuan banquet classic in Chinese cookery writing, with parallel steam-and-fry ducks in Jiangsu, Shandong and Hunan kitchens; some sources connect the related 酥炸鸭子 (crisp-fried duck) with Weishan in Shandong. Local heritage listings in Guizhou and Nanchong (Sichuan) recognize particular family techniques. The British takeaway dish crispy aromatic duck, shredded at the table and eaten with pancakes and hoisin, grew out of the same steam-and-fry idea in diaspora restaurants but is best treated as a separate diaspora adaptation.[1]

Serving and variations

Chopped and reassembled on a platter, or pulled apart at the table; with steamed buns, pancakes, scallion and sauce. See Peking Duck, Tea-Smoked Duck, Beer Duck and Nanjing Salted Duck.

See also

References